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Study/WPF

[WPF][C#][Study] WPF 시작 2일차

by 스테디코디스트 2023. 9. 15.
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1. XAML 이벤트 - 마우스 이벤트

- MouseUp : 마우스를 놓을 때 발생

- MouseDown : 마우스를 누를 때 발생

 

- 이벤트를 생성하는 2가지 방법

1) XAML에서 직접 호출

<Window x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.XAML.EventsSample"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="EventsSample" Height="300" Width="300">
	<Grid Name="pnlMainGrid" MouseUp="pnlMainGrid_MouseUp" Background="LightBlue">        
		// 1) 위처럼 MouseUp의 델리게이트를 직접 연결해줌
    </Grid>
</Window>

2) Code-behind에서 델리게이트 추가

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input;


namespace WpfTutorialSamples.XAML
{
	public partial class EventsSample : Window
	{
		public EventsSample()
		{
			InitializeComponent();
            
			// 2) Code-behind에서 델리게이트에 직접 추가함
			pnlMainGrid.MouseUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(pnlMainGrid_MouseUp);
		}

		// MouseUp 이벤트 발생시 호출되는 함수
		private void pnlMainGrid_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
		{
			MessageBox.Show("You clicked me at " + e.GetPosition(this).ToString());
		}

	}
}

 

2. Window

- 원도우의 뼈대인 경계선, 타이틀 바, 최대화 및 최소화, 닫기 버튼을 제공한다.

- XAML(.xaml) 파일과 CodeBehind(.cs)로 구성되어 있다.

- x:Class 속성은 XAML 파일에게 어떤 클래스를 이용하는지 알려준다.

 

1) 시작 XAML

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.Window1"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid>

    </Grid>
</Window>

2) 시작 CodeBehind

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
//…more using statements

namespace WpfApplication1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Window1.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window1 : Window
    {
        public Window1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

 

3. WPF app

- 솔루션 탐색기를 찾아보면 App.xaml과 App.xaml.cs파일이 들어있다.(이걸 몰라서 찾는데 한참 걸렸다..ㅋㅋ)

- StartUri 속성 : 어플리케이션이 실행될 때 어떤 윈도우 또는 페이지로 시작하는지 정의하는 부분이다.

- 아래 코드처럼 Application_Startup 이벤트를 StartUri에 넣으면 CodeBehind에서 정의한 이벤트를 거쳐 윈도우가 생성된다.

<Application x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
			 Startup="Application_Startup"> // Application_Startup 이벤트
    <Application.Resources></Application.Resources>
</Application>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;

namespace WpfTutorialSamples
{
	public partial class App : Application
	{

		private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
		{
			// startup 윈도우를 생성
			MainWindow wnd = new MainWindow();
			
            // 윈도우의 타이틀을 변경
			wnd.Title = "Something else";
			
            // 윈도우를 보여줌
			wnd.Show();
		}
	}
}

 

4. 리소스

- 데이터를 리소스 형태로 저장할 수 있음

1) 문자열 저장(Static)

- XAML

<Window x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application.ResourceSample"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
        Title="ResourceSample" Height="150" Width="350">
    <Window.Resources>
    	// strHelloWorld에 "Hello, world!"가 저장됨
        <sys:String x:Key="strHelloWorld">Hello, world!</sys:String>
    </Window.Resources>
    <StackPanel Margin="10">
        <TextBlock Text="{StaticResource strHelloWorld}" FontSize="56" />
        <TextBlock>Just another "<TextBlock Text="{StaticResource strHelloWorld}" />" example, but with resources!</TextBlock>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

2) 콤보박스 만들기

<Window x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application.ExtendedResourceSample"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
        Title="ExtendedResourceSample" Height="160" Width="300"
        Background="{DynamicResource WindowBackgroundBrush}"> 
    <Window.Resources>
        <sys:String x:Key="ComboBoxTitle">Items:</sys:String>

        <x:Array x:Key="ComboBoxItems" Type="sys:String">
            <sys:String>Item #1</sys:String>
            <sys:String>Item #2</sys:String>
            <sys:String>Item #3</sys:String>
        </x:Array>

        <LinearGradientBrush x:Key="WindowBackgroundBrush">
            <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Silver"/>
            <GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Gray"/>
        </LinearGradientBrush>
    </Window.Resources>
    <StackPanel Margin="10">
        <Label Content="{StaticResource ComboBoxTitle}" />
        <ComboBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource ComboBoxItems}" />
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

3) Code-behind에서 리소스 접근

- Application

<Application x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
             StartupUri="WPF application/ResourcesFromCodeBehindSample.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
		// Application 리소스
        <sys:String x:Key="strApp">Hello, Application world!</sys:String>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

- Window

<Window x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application.ResourcesFromCodeBehindSample"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
        Title="ResourcesFromCodeBehindSample" Height="175" Width="250">
    <Window.Resources>
    	// Window 리소스
        <sys:String x:Key="strWindow">Hello, Window world!</sys:String>
    </Window.Resources>
    <DockPanel Margin="10" Name="pnlMain">
        <DockPanel.Resources>
            // Panel 리소스
            <sys:String x:Key="strPanel">Hello, Panel world!</sys:String>
        </DockPanel.Resources>

        <WrapPanel DockPanel.Dock="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="10">
            <Button Name="btnClickMe" Click="btnClickMe_Click">Click me!</Button>
        </WrapPanel>

        <ListBox Name="lbResult" />
    </DockPanel>
</Window>

- Code-behind

using System;
using System.Windows;

namespace WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application
{
	public partial class ResourcesFromCodeBehindSample : Window
	{
		public ResourcesFromCodeBehindSample()
		{
			InitializeComponent();
		}

		private void btnClickMe_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
		{
			// 각기 접근 방식이 다름 //
            
			// Window 내부의 Panel 리소스
			lbResult.Items.Add(pnlMain.FindResource("strPanel").ToString()); 
            
			// Window 리소스
			lbResult.Items.Add(this.FindResource("strWindow").ToString());
            
			// Application 리소스
			lbResult.Items.Add(Application.Current.FindResource("strApp").ToString()); 
		}
	}
}

- 결과창(3번 클릭했을시)

 

5. 예외처리

- 로컬에서는 보통 try-catch 문으로 처리함

- WPF에서는 Applicaiont 클래스의 DispatcherUnhandledException 이벤트를 추가하여 전역으로 예외처리가 가능

 

1) try-catch 이용

<Window x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application.ExceptionHandlingSample"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="ExceptionHandlingSample" Height="200" Width="200">
    <Grid>
        <Button HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Click="Button_Click">
            Do something bad!
        </Button>
    </Grid>
</Window>
using System;
using System.Windows;

namespace WpfTutorialSamples.WPF_Application
{
	public partial class ExceptionHandlingSample : Window
	{
		public ExceptionHandlingSample()
		{
			InitializeComponent();
		}

		private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
		{
			string s = null;
			try
			{
				s.Trim();
			}
			catch(Exception ex)
			{
				MessageBox.Show("A handled exception just occurred: " + ex.Message, "Exception Sample", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
			}
			s.Trim(); // 처리되지 않음
		}
	}
}

 

2) Applicaiont 클래스의 DispatcherUnhandledException 이용

<Application x:Class="WpfTutorialSamples.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             DispatcherUnhandledException="Application_DispatcherUnhandledException"
             StartupUri="WPF Application/ExceptionHandlingSample.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>
using System;
using System.Windows;

namespace WpfTutorialSamples
{
	public partial class App : Application
	{
		private void Application_DispatcherUnhandledException(object sender, System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherUnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
		{
			MessageBox.Show("An unhandled exception just occurred: " + e.Exception.Message, "Exception Sample", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
			e.Handled = true;
		}
	}
}
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